repple 2007-8-9 11:47
8月18日陆谷孙先生上海书展畅谈英语学习
把英语作为文化的载体来学习——8月18日陆谷孙先生上海书展畅谈英语学习
陆谷孙先生，复旦大学教授、文科杰出教授、《英汉大词典》主编，一直主张“要把英语作为文化的载体来学习”。他曾经从三个方面来阐述这一论点：
“第一，技术层面要提高素养，从语言本身，要不断与母语对比，因为母语的影响根深蒂固，英语强调形合（hypotaxis），汉语强调意合（parataxis），这是已故的王力先生所译。我最近改了一份重要的翻译，头两句是“新世纪赋予我们美好的期待和希望，新世纪激励我们付出更多才智去建设人类更美好的家园”，这是上海市申办世博会的头两句，气派很大吧，如果照翻的话，The new century has raised high hopes in our hearts. The new century has inspired us to devote more talent and wisdom to the building of a better homeland for mankind. 但我觉得这不像英语，这么接近的地方两次用century，它是强调形合的，而不是意合的，所以我把这改成The new century has raised high hopes in our hearts，inspiring us to devote more talent and wisdom to the building of a better home，不用homeland，因为这个词比较罕用，美国不是新设一个本土防卫司令部吗，才用上它。For human kind，不用mankind，因为女权主义者不喜闻，把两句并成一句。
“第二，还可以从思维习惯上进行对比。比如说，中国人的思维习惯是从大到小，比如问你是何方人士，我就说我是浙江余姚人，先大后小。写信的时候，先是中华人民共和国，再是由大到小，邯郸路，复旦大学。英语的习惯是由小到大的，与汉语有所不同。其次，中文习惯是今天晚上7点半，法国队对塞内加尔队，先给你的是一个已知的时间，而英文习惯往往相反，凸显重要的：A soccer match between these two countries will take place at 7：30 tonight. 我们是从抽象的到具体的，他们是从具体的到抽象的，这是从思维层面上讲。
“第三，文化层面上的差异。1965年，美国记者埃德加斯诺，毛主席的老朋友，他问毛主席很多问题，毛就说“现在是和尚打伞，无发无天”。翻译说，I＇m a solitary monk walking in the rain with a tattered umbrella. 撑了顶破伞，在雨里，踽踽独行，结果西方就得到一个印象：毛主席正处于黄昏心态了，其实毛主席那时一点不黄昏，正确地说，他正准备发动文革，1965年嘛，他是最富于战斗力的时候。应该怎么翻？monk第一是无发的，The Buddhist monk is hairless and hairlessness in pronunciation is similar to lawlessness. 第一个是“头发”的“发”，第二个是“法律”的“法”。第二是无天，because the umbrella separates my head from the sky，sky这里是指authority，就是我既不服从法律，也不服从任何一个权威。但这位翻译完全翻错了，这就体现文化差异的问题。这是1965年的事情。”
让我们一起来尝试英语学习的文化思维吧。把英语作为文化载体来考虑，不仅仅是思维的外衣、交际的工具，更不仅仅是在考试中区别except与except for，而是在文化层面上如何提高素养的问题。
8月18日下午，让我们与陆谷孙先生相约上海书展，聆听陆老题为“陆谷孙谈英语学习（Toward Better English）”的讲座。本次讲座凭券入场，每券一人。欢迎大家自2007年8月8日起，前往上海图书馆(淮海中路1555号)正门一楼咨询台领取讲座入场券。数量有限，发完为止。
讲座时间：2007年8月18日下午15：30－17：00
讲座地点：上海世贸商城南入口2B
repple 2007-8-27 09:52
陆谷孙教授演讲大纲：
Toward Better English
(1) Pressure and Pleasure
What language is and is not: thinking aloud vs Whorf-Sapir hypothesis of "thought shaper" – a sum total of skills to be learned – motivated learning: instrumentally, integratively and EUPHORICALLY－ English for English's own sake, pushing a terminological envelope.
(2) A Working Vocabulary
More emphasis on functional/structural items than notional/lexical ones – a rudimentary knowledge about English word-building and etymology – useful pleasure of developing a personal mini-corpus – stories, histories and mysteries.
(3) A Sound Knowledge of Grammar vs Grammar Fatigue
Grammar as an indispensability to understanding the overall structure and nuances of meaning – grammar as a powerless attempt to forestall ambiguities or realistic usage.
(4) "Negative Transfer": Making the Best of a Bad Bargain
English hypotaxis vs Chinese parataxis – comparison at more practical and pragmatic levels – language against the cultural backdrop.
Samples
1) Quite all right!
2) I'm afraid I got to be going.
3) The two planes had a near miss. (Cf. A miss is as good as a mile. Also cf. 差一点[没]撞上)
4) 自行车and 老百姓
5) A: They say the landlady can eat fifteen people in her house.
B: No! I'd rather stay away from her.
A: I live by the river. Drop in some time.
B: But I can't swim.
A: The paper says that a man is run over every day in London.
B: Nonsense. He couldn't possibly stand it.
6) A: All the larky topes beadled fradjously into a pareful groal.
B: Pluo see taht uoy evah sold lareves fo eht new English books morf taht shelf.
C: Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.
7) the Top Ten of English words: a, and, I, in, is, it, of, that, the, to
8) a cup and saucer→a pipe and pouch→a Madonna and child→a hammer and sickle
9)The grandmother calls out "Jesus Christ"; the mother says: "Can you believe it?" and the father "Incredible"; the son mumbles "Tough shit" while his younger sisters chime in with a "Wow!"
10)A: this jam is thick. plenty of mad honey. dope system.
B: we phat. but I gotta flex. i'll be maxing at the crib.
A: i'm easing here. Later.
B: ta-ta.
11)10Q 4 ur msg.talk 2 u f2f.
12)an attention-deficit child in such a micromanaged household？
13)a microcluster of structured role expectations or a bounded plurality of role-playing individuals
14)When did S-A-R-S become SARS?
15) Try to unravel the following verbal "mysteries":
tweenagers and adultescent?
outsourcing and crowdsourcing?
to grow an economy and mothers of disappeared activists?
Oreos (as in "the Oreos in Black Power movement". Cf. apples and bananas)
wet ware, liveware, kid ware, etc. {hard-, soft-, firmware
virtual space→meatspace (Cf. other retronyms such as "snail mail")
steel-collar, pink-collar, gold-collar, etc.{ blue-, white-collar
siz(e)ism, lookism, etc.{ racism, ag(e)ism, sexism
metrosexual→ ubersexual
golden handcuffs, golden handshake, golden parachute,etc.
hot-desk(ing), hot bed(ding), etc.
16)The elephant goes with young for two years.
17)The Australian newspapers tend to write down.
18)It is not to be inferred, that of this poetical vigor Pope had only a little, because
Dryden had more; … .
19)He is a very unique person in having gone to such a place for six months.
20)Flying planes can be dangerous.
21)A: Shall I call you a taxi?
B: You might as well since you've called me everything else.
22) A: The budget was cut and several professors were not renewed.
B: The budget was cut and several professors were non-renewed.
23)The woman got married and you still used to friend with she. (p.734, The New
Oxford Dictionary of English, 2003)
24) this time's cold/in major charge of/a motorcycle appeared in front of him/such kind/a well-off society/What staple are you eating?
25)The new century has raised high hopes in our hearts;
The new century has inspired us to make a new effort to build a better homeland for mankind.?
26)Marital status:□married □unmarried □single □remarried □unremarried
27)和尚打伞，无法无天
28) Woo’t drink up easel, eat a crocodile? Hamlet, V. i. 271
29)This realm dismantled was
Of Jove himself, and now reigns here
A very,very – pajock. Hamlet, III,ii,276-78